Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokuphila kwezinto, abantu bahlawula ngakumbi kwaye baqwalasele ngakumbi kwiimvakalelo, kwaye bafune ubuhlobo kunye nokuzixhamla ngokweemvakalelo ngokugcina izilwanyana zasekhaya. Ngokwandiswa kwesikali sokuthelekiswa kwezilwanyana zasekhaya, iimfuno zabantu zokusebenzisa iimveliso zezilwanyana, ukutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ziyaqhubeka nokuzibakala kwemfuno eyahlukeneyo kunye nezoqoqosho.
Ishishini lesilwanyana lezilwanyana liye lafumana ngaphezulu kweminyaka elikhulu lembali yophuhliso, kwaye yenze itsheyini yemizi-mveliso eqondakalayo, kubandakanya ukuthengisa izilwanyana, kubandakanya ukuthengisa izilwanyana, iimveliso zezilwanyana zasekhaya, ukhathalelo lwezonyango lwezilwanyana, uqeqesho lwezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye namanye amacandelo asezantsi. Phakathi kwazo, ishishini lemveliso yezilwanyana zasekhaya lilicandelo elibalulekileyo lomzi-mveliso wesilwanyana, kwaye iimveliso zayo eziphambili zibandakanya iimveliso zokuzonwabisa zasekhaya zasekhaya, impilo kunye neemveliso zokucoca, njl.
1. Ushwankathelo loPhuculo lweShishini lweZilwanyana zangaphandle
Umzi mveliso wesilwanyana wehlabathi jikelele wahluma emva kohlaziyo lwemveliso yaseBritane, kwaye kwaqala kwangaphambi kwamazwe aphuhlileyo, kwaye onke amakhonkco kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso sele ephuhlile ngokulinganayo. Okwangoku, iUnited States yeyona ntengiso yabathengi yasekhaya, kwaye iimarike zase-Europe kunye nezahlulo ze-Asiya ezibalulekileyo.
(1) Intengiso yezilwanyana zaseMelika
Umzi-mveliso wesilwanyana wase-United States unembali ende yophuhliso. Idlule kwinkqubo yokudityaniswa kwezinto ezithengisa izilwanyana zasekhaya ukuya kwiqonga lamaqonga ethengisa izilwanyana zasekhaya. Okwangoku, ikhonkco leShishini likhula kakhulu. Imakethi yesilwanyana saseMelika ibonakaliswa linani elikhulu lezilwanyana zasekhaya, i-Penetication Panetions yekhaya, inkcitho ye-petita ye-petita ephezulu, kunye nemfuno enkulu yezilwanyana zasekhaya. Okwangoku imakethi enkulu yasehlabathini.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubungakanani bentengiso yezilwanyana zase-US klwa ukwanda, kwaye inkcitho yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana inyuke unyaka nonyaka ngeqondo lokukhula elizinzileyo. Ngokutsho koMbutho weZiveliso zeZithuthi zaseMelika (indawo), inkcitho yabathengi kwimakethi yesilwanyana saseMelika iya kufikelela kwi-203 yezigidigidi nge-2020 yeebhiliyoni ze- $ 100 zokuqala, ukunyuka kwe-6.7% ngaphezulu kwe-2010, Ubungakanani bentengiso yomzi-mveliso wesilwanyana wase-US bhule kwi-US $ 48.35 yezigidigidi kwi-US $ 103.6 yezigidigidi, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kwe-7.92%.
Ukuchuma kwemakethi yezilwanyana zase-US kungenxa yezinto ezibanzi ezinje ngophuhliso lwezoqoqosho, imigangatho yokuphila ebonakalayo, kunye nenkcubeko yezentlalo. Ibonisile imfuno engqongqo eqinileyo ukusukela kuphuhliso lwayo kwaye ichaphazeleke kakhulu ngumjikelo woqoqosho. Ngo-2020, echatshazelwe ngubhubhane kunye nezinye izinto, i-GDP yase-US yafumana ukukhula okungalunganga okokuqala kwiminyaka elishumi, ezantsi kwi-2.32% ngonyaka ukusukela ngo-2019; Ngaphandle kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-sucroeconomic, inkcitho yase-US yase-US ikwabonisa indlela ephezulu kwaye yahlala izinzile. Ukunyuka kwe-6.69% ngokuthelekiswa no-2019.
Inqanaba lokufumana amakhaya ezilwanyana zase-United States liphezulu, kwaye inani lezilwanyana zasekhaya likhulu. Izilwanyana zasekhaya ngoku ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi baseMelika. Ngokweenkcukacha zedatha, malunga ne-84.9 yezigidi zamakhaya aseMelika ngo-2019, inika ingxelo nge-67% yamakhaya apheleleyo elizweni, kwaye le mlinganiso iya kuqhubeka inyuka. Inxalenye yamakhaya enezilwanyana zaseMelika kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ibe ngama-70% ngonyaka wama-2021. Inokubonwa ukuba inkcubeko yezilwanyana zasekhaya inezinto ezithandwa kakhulu eUnited States. Uninzi lweentsapho zaseMelika zikhetha ukugcina izilwanyana njengeeqabane. Izilwanyana zasekhaya zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiintsapho zaseMelika. Phantsi kwempembelelo yenkcubeko yezilwanyana zasekhaya, imakethi yesilwanyana sase-US inesiseko esikhulu sesixa.
Ukongeza kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokungena kumakhaya esilwanyana, i-US ngenkcitho yenkcitho ye-petita yezilwanyana zasekhaya nakwinqanaba lokuqala emhlabeni. Ngokutsho kwengcaciso yoluntu, ngo-2019, iUnited States kuphela kwelizwe emhlabeni ngenkcitho ye-Pecita yePekita yePekita yePekita ye-Intanethi engaphezulu kwe-150 yeedola zaseMelika, ngaphezulu kune-United Kingdom. Inkcitho yenkcitho ephezulu yeCapita yezilwanyana zasekhaya ibonakalisa ingcinga ephambili yokuphakamisa izilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zasekhaya kuluntu lwaseMelika.
Ngokusekwe kwizinto ezibanzi ezifana nemfuno yezilwanyana zasekhaya, i-Penetication Panetions ePhezulu, kunye neNkcitho ePhezulu yeCapita, ubungakanani bentengiso yezilwanyana zase-US kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini. Phantsi komhlaba wokuphelisa inkcubeko yezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nemfuno eqinileyo yezilwanyana zasekhaya, ukuthengisa izilwanyana zase-US kuyaqhubeka nokudityaniswa kwemveliso kunye nolwandiso lwemveliso yemveliso yasekhaya, enjenge-E-ross-Commerce Red Iqonga elifana ne-Amazon, i-Wal-Mart, njl. Abantu abathengisi bemveliso yezilwanyana zasePesmart kunye ne-petco, i-petco, i-Petco, iMveliso yeDew. Amaqonga okuthengisa abe ziindlela ezibalulekileyo zentengiso kwiimpawu ezininzi zezilwanyana zasekhaya okanye abavelisi bezilwanyana, ukwenza ingqokelela yemveliso kunye nokudityaniswa kwezixhobo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula okukhulu kumzi-mveliso wezilwanyana zasekhaya.
(2) Intengiso yezilwanyana zaseYurophu
Okwangoku, ubungakanani bentengiso yezilwanyana zaseYurophu bubonisa imeko yokukhula eqhubekayo, kwaye ukuthengisa kweemveliso zezilwanyana zandisa unyaka ngonyaka. Ngokwedatha ye-European Shnerhed Shnederation (Fediaf), ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwemarike yezilwanyana zaseYurophu ngo-2020 kuya kufikelela kwi-40 yezigidi zeerandi, ukunyuka kwe-5.65% xa kuthelekiswa no-2019; Phakathi kwazo, ukuthengisa ukutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya ngo-2020 kuya kuba ngama-2120 eebhiliyoni ze-billion, kwaye ukuthengisa kweemveliso zezilwanyana ziya kuba zii-billion ze-92 yezigidi zeerandi. I-HALDIL EROS, kunye nentengiso yenkonzo yezilwanyana zasePet yayiziibhiliyoni ezili-12 zeebhiliyoni, ukunyuka xa kuthelekiswa no-2019.
Iqondo lokungena lekhaya lemakethi yaseYurophu yaseYurophu iphezulu. Ngokwedatha ye-Fediaf, malunga nezigidi ezingama-88 zaseYurophu ezazifunwa ngama-2020, kunye nenqanaba lokuphuma kwamakhaya angama-3.41 xa kuthelekiswa nezigidi ezingama-95 ngo-2019. Iikati kunye nezinja ziseyinto ephambili yemarike yezilwanyana zaseYurophu. Ngo-2020, i-Romania nePoland ngamanqanaba e-Petnetion yasekhaya eYurophu, kunye namazinga okungena ekhaya kunye nezinja zombini zafikelela malunga ne-42%. Inqanaba lingaphezulu kwe-40%.
Amathuba oPhuculo lweShishini
(1) Ubungakanani bentengiso esezantsi kweshishini ishishini luyaqhubeka nokwandisa
Ngokwazi ukwanda kwengqondo yokugcinwa kwezilwanyana zasekhaya, ubungakanani bentengiso yomzi-mveliso wesilwanyana ubonakalise ukwenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukwenziwa kwendlela yokwandisa ngokuthe ngcembe, zombini kwiimarike zangaphandle nezasekhaya. Ngokwedatha evela kuMbutho weMidlalo yeZithuthi zaseMelika (EAption), njengeyona ntengiso yamagosa ase-United States, ubungakanani bentengiso yomzi-mveliso wezilwanyana zaseMelika zenyuka ukusuka kwi-US $ 103.6 yezigidigidi kwi-US $ 103.6 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka elishumi ukuya kwi-2020, nge inqanaba lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo le-7.92%; Ngokwedatha evela kwimveliso yokutya yaseYurophu yaseYurophu (iFediaf), ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana zasekhaya kwimarike yezilwanyana zaseYurophu ngo-2020 kufikelele kwi-Eult ye-20 lamawaka ezigidi ezingama-20, ukunyuka kwe-5.65% ngokuthelekiswa no-2019; Imakethi yesilwanyana saseJapan, eyeyona inkulu kakhulu e-Asiya, ibonakalise ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Imeko yokukhula, ukugcina inqanaba lokukhula minyaka le eyi-1.5% -2%; Kwaye imakethi yezilwanyana zasekhaya ingene kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukususela ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2020, ubungakanani bentengiso yezilwanyana zasekhaya banyuke ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-14 bhiliyoni yuan ukuya kwi-206.5 bhiliyoni yuan, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kwe-30.88%.
Umzi mveliso wezilwanyana zasekhaya kumazwe aphuhlileyo, ngenxa yokuqalisa kwasekuqaleni kwaye uPhuhliswa ngokuvakalayo, ibonakalise imfuno eqinileyo yezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye neemveliso zokutya ezinxulumene nesilwanyana. Kulindelwe ukuba ubungakanani bentengiso buza kuzinza kwaye bunyuke kwixesha elizayo; I-China yimakethi evelayo kumzi-mveliso wesilwanyana. Imakethi, esekwe kwizinto ezifana nophuhliso loqoqosho, ukufuduswa komxholo wokugcinwa kosapho, utshintsho kulwakhiwo losapho, njl., Kulindeleke ukuba ishishini lezilwanyana zasekhaya liya kuqhubeka nokugcina imeko yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwixa elizayo.
Kwisishwankathelo, ukuthathwa kwengqondo yokugcina ingcinga yokugcina ekhaya kunye nasekuhlaleni kuqhuba uphuhliso oluqinileyo lwesilwanyana sasekhaya kunye nokubonelela ngamathuba amakhulu eshishinini kunye nendawo yophuhliso kwixesha elizayo.
(2) Iikhonsepthi zokusetyenziswa kunye nokwazisa okusingqongileyo kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso
Iimveliso zasekhaya zokuqala zihlangane neemfuno ezisisiseko zomsebenzi, kunye nemisebenzi yoyilo enye kunye neenkqubo ezilula zemveliso. Ngokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yabantu yokuphila, umxholo "wezabantu" wezilwanyana ezifuywayo uqhubeka nokusasazeka, kwaye abantu bahlawula ngakumbi ingqalelo enkulu kwintuthuzelo yezilwanyana zasekhaya. Amanye amazwe eYurophu naseMelika awazise imithetho nemigaqo ukomeleza ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo asisiseko ee-PETS, ukuphucula intlalo-ntle yabo, kunye nokubekwa kweliso lokucoca kukamasipala. Izinto ezinxulumene noko ziye zakhuthaza abantu ukuba baqhubeke nokunyusa iimfuno zabo zeemveliso zekhaya kunye nokuzimisela kwabo ukuzidla. Iimveliso ze-PET zinezinto ezininzi zomsebenzi ezisebenzayo, ezinobuhlobo kwaye zefashoni, kunye nokuphuculwa okukhawulezileyo kunye nokwanda kwexabiso elongeziweyo.
Okwangoku, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo kunye nemimandla efana neYurophu kunye ne-United States, iimveliso zasekhaya azisetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kwilizwe lam. Njengoko ukuvuma ukutya izilwanyana kunyuka, ubungakanani beemveliso zezilwanyana ezithengiweyo nazo ziya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iimfuno ezibangelwe zibandakanyiweyo ziya kukhuthaza ukuphucula uphuhliso lweshishini.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-DEC-13 ukuya ku-2003
